Urethane: Carcinogenic Potency Database

Urethane (CAS 51-79-6)
SMILES, InChI and Structure are below.
Rats and Mice: Cancer Test Summary

Rat Target Sites		Mouse Target Sites		TD₅₀ (mg/kg/day)
Male	Female	Male	Female	Rat	Mouse
tba(B)	tba(B)	hmo liv lun vsc	lun	41.3	16.9^m,v

Hamsters: Cancer Test Summary

Hamster Target Sites		TD₅₀ (mg/kg/day)
Male	Female	TD₅₀ (mg/kg/day)
lgi ski sto	adr lgi ski sto thy	65.2^m

Monkeys: Cancer Test Summary

Monkey Target Sites		TD₅₀ (mg/kg/day)
Rhesus	Cynomulgus	Rhesus	Cynomulgus
liv smi vsc	lun pan vsc	65.2	52.8

Key to the Table Above

Positivity: For each chemical with a positive (carcinogenic) experiment in the Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB), results are included on carcinogenic potency (TD₅₀) in each species and target sites in males and females. Positivity is determined by an author’s opinion in a published paper. If all experimental results in the CDPB are negative in a sex-species group, “no positive” appears. If the CPDB has no experiments in the sex-species group, “no test” appears. The summary presents the strongest evidence of carcinogenicity in each group. If there are both positive and negative experiments in a sex-species, the negative results are ignored in this Summary Table.

Target Site Codes: adr = adrenal gland. hmo = hematopoietic system. lgi = large intestine. liv = liver. lun = lung. pan = pancreas. ski = skin. smi = small intestine. sto = stomach. tba = all tumor bearing animals. thy = thyroid gland. vsc = vascular system. (B) = experimental results were reported only for both sexes together. Target sites are listed if any author of published experimental results concluded that tumors were induced in that organ by the test agent. If there is more than one positive experiment in a sex-species, target sites listed may be from more than one experiment, e.g. if liver and lung are both listed, then liver may have been a target in one experiment and lung in another.

TD₅₀: Our standardized measure of carcinogenic potency, TD₅₀, is the daily dose rate in mg/kg body weight/day to induce tumors in half of test animals that would have remained tumor-free at zero dose. Whenever there is more than one positive experiment in a species, the reported TD₅₀ value is a Harmonic Mean calculated using the TD₅₀ value from the most potent target site in each positive experiment.

Superscripts: m = There is more than one positive experiment in the species, and TD₅₀ values from each positive experiment are used in the calculation of the reported Harmonic mean of TD₅₀. v = Variation is greater than ten-fold among statistically significant (two-tailed p<0.1) TD₅₀ values from different positive experiments.

The Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB) is a unique and widely used international resource of the results of 6540 chronic, long-term animal cancer tests on 1547 chemicals. The CPDB provides easy access to the bioassay literature, with qualitative and quantitative analyses of both positive and negative experiments that have been published over the past 50 years in the general literature through 2001 and by the National Cancer Institute/National Toxicology Program through 2004. The CPDB standardizes the diverse literature of cancer bioassays that vary widely in protocol, histopathological examination and nomenclature, and in the published author’s choices of what information to provide in their papers. Results are reported in the CPDB for tests in rats, mice, hamsters, dogs, and nonhuman primates.

For each experiment, information is included on species, strain, and sex of test animal; features of experimental protocol such as route of administration, duration of dosing, dose level(s) in mg/kg body weight/day, and duration of experiment; experimental results are provided on target organ, tumor type, and tumor incidence; carcinogenic potency (TD₅₀) and its statistical significance; shape of the dose-response, author’s opinion as to carcinogenicity, and literature citation.

Only tests with dosing for at least ¼ the standard lifespan of the species and experiment length at least ½ the lifespan are included in the CPDB. Only routes of administration with whole body exposure are included. Doses are standardized, average dose rates in mg/kg/day. A description of methods used in the CPDB to standardize the diverse literature of animal cancer tests is presented for: 1) Criteria for inclusion of experiments 2) Standardization of average daily dose levels and 3) TD₅₀ estimation for a standard lifespan. See Methods for other details.

TD₅₀ provides a standardized quantitative measure that can be used for comparisons and analyses of many issues in carcinogenesis. The range of TD₅₀ values across chemicals that are rodent carcinogens is more than 100 million-fold. More than half the chemicals tested are positive in at least one experiment.

A plot of all results on each experiment in the CPDB for this chemical is presented below. These results are the source information for the Cancer Test Summary table above.

Urethane: All Experiments and Citations in CPDB

The definition of each code in the plot below will appear in a pop-up window when the field name in the header line is clicked, e.g., Strain, Site, Path. Each numbered line starts a new experiment and reports protocol information in black. Average daily dose-rates per kg body weight per day are in green. Remaining lines report experimental results in blue.

Abbreviations of fields in header line: # = the line number in the plot of all CPDB chemicals; Xpo = duration of dosing; Xpt = duration of experiment; Site = tissue; Path = tumor type; DR = dose-response; AuOp = author’s opinion about carcinogenicity; LoConf, UpConf = confidence limits (99%) on TD₅₀; Inc = tumor incidence for each dose group.

See Guide to reading the plot for details on each field, using an example of one experiment.

See Help to improve readability, or to fit the plot onto the screen or a printed page.



Chemical (Synonym) CAS
# Species Sex Strain Route Xpo+Xpt PaperNum        0 Dose  1 Dose 2 Dose  3 Dose          Literature Reference or NCI/NTP:Site Path
Site Path Notes   TD50  DR Pval    AuOp LoConf UpConf   Cntrl   1 Inc  2 Inc   3 Inc                                                        Brkly Code

URETHANE  (ethyl carbamate) 51-79-6
6441 H f syg wat 90w90 170                           0    136.mg                                            Toth;ejca,5,165-171;1969
 for pam e      44.5mg   P<.0005 +  27.9mg 74.7mg   1/67   35/44
 der mlc e      74.4mg   P<.0005 +  45.2mg 133.mg   0/62   25/41
 cec adp e      294.mg   P<.0005 +  126.mg 949.mg   0/55    7/33
 vag car e      314.mg   P<.002     108.mg 1.77gm   0/49    4/20
 adr mix e      318.mg   P<.003  +  130.mg 2.05gm   1/55    7/33
 adr coc e      349.mg   P<.0005    142.mg 1.31gm   0/55    6/33
 for car e      374.mg   P<.0005 +  161.mg 1.23gm   0/62    7/41
 thy mix e      538.mg   P<.003  +  204.mg 2.94gm   0/62    5/41
 gal pam e      682.mg   P<.007     235.mg 8.99gm   0/62    4/41
 ova car e      682.mg   P<.007     235.mg 8.99gm   0/62    4/41
 lun ade e      1.36gm   P<.2       222.mg n.s.s.   0/49    1/20
 liv tum e      no dre   P=1.       926.mg n.s.s.   0/67    0/44
6442 H f syg wat 55w55 297a                          0    273.mg                                         Pietra;jnci,25,627-630;1960
 for pam e      102.mg   P<.005  +  34.6mg 965.mg   0/14    4/10
 ski mlt e      496.mg   P<.2       80.6mg n.s.s.   0/14    1/10
6443 H m syg wat 24m24 170                           0    120.mg                                            Toth;ejca,5,165-171;1969
 for pam e      64.2mg   P<.0005 +  40.5mg 110.mg   6/88   36/49
 der mlc e      109.mg   P<.0005 +  66.7mg 197.mg   1/62   26/49
 for car e      135.mg   P<.0005 +  76.8mg 267.mg   0/53   18/40
 cec adp e      765.mg   P<.009  +  264.mg 25.2gm   0/53    4/40
 liv mix e      1.28gm   P<.03      386.mg n.s.s.   0/62    3/49
 adr coa e      564.mg   P<.2       114.mg n.s.s.   1/26    2/12
 lun ade e      927.mg   P<.2       151.mg n.s.s.   0/26    1/12
6444 H m syg wat 76w76 297a                          0    240.mg                                         Pietra;jnci,25,627-630;1960
 ski mlt e      74.2mg   P<.0005 +  29.2mg 260.mg   1/49    7/10
 for pam e      95.8mg   P<.0005 +  37.1mg 352.mg   0/49    6/10
6445 M f b6a orl 73w73 297                           0    81.3mg                                                Innes;ntis,1968/1969
 lun mix evx    12.5mg   P<.0005 +  5.80mg 29.5mg   1/17   17/19
 lun ade evx    29.3mg   P<.0005    14.0mg 92.3mg   1/17   12/19
 --- agm evx    31.7mg   P<.0005    15.4mg 79.1mg   0/17   11/19
 hag ade evx    59.7mg   P<.002     25.5mg 245.mg   0/17    7/19
 liv hpt evx    89.9mg   P<.009     33.9mg 2.02gm   0/17    5/19
 lun car evx    89.9mg   P<.009     33.9mg 2.02gm   0/17    5/19
 tba mix evx    9.73mg   P<.0005    3.86mg 24.8mg   2/17   18/19
6446 M m b6a orl 72w72 297                           0    75.6mg
 lun mix evx    24.2mg   P<.0005 +  11.9mg 76.3mg   2/18   15/22
 liv mix evx    26.0mg   P<.0005    13.1mg 72.1mg   1/18   14/22
 lun ade evx    27.8mg   P<.0005    13.4mg 103.mg   2/18   14/22
 hag ade evx    35.8mg   P<.0005    17.6mg 90.2mg   0/18   11/22
 liv hpt evx    39.0mg   P<.002  +  18.2mg 174.mg   1/18   11/22
 --- rts evx    77.9mg   P<.006  +  31.6mg 645.mg   0/18    6/22
 tba mix evx    11.2mg   P<.0005    5.20mg 27.7mg   3/18   20/22
6447 M f b6c orl 68w68 297                           0    81.5mg
 liv mix evx    32.4mg   P<.0005    16.3mg 79.2mg   0/16   12/23
 liv hpt evx    55.9mg   P<.003     25.1mg 238.mg   0/16    8/23
 lun mix evx    79.0mg   P<.009  +  32.1mg 1.76gm   0/16    6/23
 lun ade evx    97.4mg   P<.02      36.9mg n.s.s.   0/16    5/23
 tba mix evx    13.7mg   P<.0005    7.21mg 28.0mg   0/16   19/23
6448 M m b6c orl 70w70 297                           0    75.7mg
 liv mix evx    46.0mg   P<.002     20.6mg 165.mg   0/16    8/20
 lun mix evx    65.9mg   P<.006  +  26.7mg 555.mg   0/16    6/20
 liv hpt evx    81.7mg   P<.02   +  30.8mg n.s.s.   0/16    5/20
 lun ade evx    81.7mg   P<.02      30.8mg n.s.s.   0/16    5/20
 tba mix evx    22.4mg   P<.0005    11.3mg 51.7mg   0/16   13/20
6449 M m b6c wat 65w70 1933                          0    .100mg  .500mg  1.00mg  10.0mg  100.mg           Inai;gann,82,380-385;1991
 lun a/a aes    5.91mg * P<.0005    3.60mg 10.5mg   9/49    4/49    7/48    8/50   34/50   42/44
 lun mix aes    5.91mg * P<.0005 +  3.60mg 10.5mg   9/49    4/49    7/48    8/50   34/50   42/44
 liv hem as     63.3mg * P<.0005 +  38.0mg 116.mg   0/50    0/50    0/50    0/50    2/50   20/50
 liv hes as     122.mg * P<.0005 +  63.2mg 321.mg   0/50    0/50    0/50    2/50    2/50   11/50
 lun a/c aes    242.mg * P<.0005    98.6mg 865.mg   0/49    0/49    0/48    0/50    0/50    6/44
 hea hes as     417.mg * P<.0005    144.mg 2.14gm   0/50    0/50    0/50    0/50    0/50    4/50
 liv hpa as     38.2mg Z P<.3       9.92mg n.s.s.   8/50    2/50    8/50    4/50    9/50   (0/50)
 liv hpc as     no dre   P=1.       418.mg n.s.s.   0/50    2/50    1/50    0/50    2/50    0/50
6450 M f cf1 wat 31m31 90                            0    20.0mg                                        Tomatis;ijcn,10,489-506;1972
 lun tum eg     23.8mg   P<.0005 +  13.1mg 59.4mg  13/56   28/40
 liv hpt eg     no dre   P=1.    -  175.mg n.s.s.   2/56    1/40
 tba mix eg     23.3mg   P<.09      7.51mg n.s.s.  45/56   37/40
6451 M m cf1 wat 29m29 90                            0    16.7mg
 lun tum e      13.2mg   P<.0005 +  7.18mg 34.6mg  23/55   40/48
 liv hpt e      no dre   P=1.    -  78.0mg n.s.s.  12/55    8/48
 tba mix e      12.1mg   P<.04      4.11mg n.s.s.  46/55   46/48
6452 M b nmr wat 23m24 298                           0    .100mg  .500mg  2.50mg  12.5mg                  Schmahl;ijcn,19,77-80;1977
 tba ben ae     .434mg Z P<.004     .198mg 3.14mg   2/74   11/65  (12/69   21/59   30/65)
 tba mal ae     14.7mg * P<.0005 +  8.61mg 32.7mg   6/74   11/65   17/69   21/59   32/65
6453 M b swi eat 27m27 171a                          0    125.mg                                       Van Esch;fctx,10,373-381;1972
 lun ade e      36.1mg   P<.0005 +  19.3mg 66.9mg  10/49   46/48
 lun adc e      5.06gm   P<.3       824.mg n.s.s.   0/49    1/48
 liv tum e      no dre   P=1.       1.54gm n.s.s.   0/49    0/48
6454 P b cym eat  5y23 2004 :                        0    22.2mg           Adamson;ossc,129-156;1982/Thorgeirsson 1994/Dalgard 1997/
                                                                                                      Thorgeirsson&Seiber pers.comm.
 MXB MXB jw     16.4mg   P<.004     4.49mg 142.mg   0/34    3/5
 pan adc jw     52.8mg   P<.08   +  8.60mg n.s.s.   0/11    1/3
 liv hes jw     95.0mg   P<.05   +  15.5mg n.s.s.   0/34    1/5
 liv hpa jw     31.7mg   P<.2       5.16mg n.s.s.   0/3     1/2
 lun bro jw     31.7mg   P<.2    +  5.16mg n.s.s.   0/3     1/2
 tba mal jw     21.5mg   P<.2       4.95mg n.s.s.   3/34    3/5
 tba mix jw     25.5mg   P<.3       5.33mg n.s.s.   4/34    3/5
 tba ben jw     128.mg   P<.8       7.96mg n.s.s.   2/20    1/4
6455 P b rhe eat  5y25 2004 :                        0    24.4mg
 MXB MXB jw     44.8mg   P<.004     10.1mg 805.mg   0/42    2/6
 jej adc jw     65.2mg   P<.04   +  10.6mg n.s.s.   0/25    1/3
 adr phe jw     117.mg   P<.04      19.1mg n.s.s.   0/37    1/5
 liv hes jw     143.mg   P<.05   +  23.3mg n.s.s.   0/42    1/6
 liv hpc jw     143.mg   P<.05   +  23.3mg n.s.s.   0/42    1/6
 chp sqp jw     75.5mg   P<.2       10.6mg n.s.s.   1/37    1/4
 tba mix Wjw    26.3mg   P<.2       5.54mg n.s.s.  17/108   4/11
 tba mal Wjw    52.9mg   P<.3       8.50mg n.s.s.   6/74    2/9
 tba ben Wjw    75.9mg   P<.6       7.41mg n.s.s.  12/108   2/11
6456 R b sda wat 23m24 298                           0    .100mg  .500mg  2.50mg  12.5mg                  Schmahl;ijcn,19,77-80;1977
 tba mal ae     41.3mg * P<.0005 +  21.4mg 129.mg   2/74    2/70    4/65    7/70   15/74
 tba ben ae     91.2mg * P<.02      35.6mg n.s.s.   1/74    3/70    2/65    5/70    8/74

Mutagenicity in Salmonella: positive
SMILES Code for Urethane: NC(=O)OCC
InChI Code for Urethane: InChI=1/C3H7NO2/c1-2-6-3(4)5/h2H2,1H3,(H2,4,5)
Source for SMILES and InChI: USEPA Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) Database

Chemical Structure for Urethane:

Source for structure: National Library of Medicine ChemIDPlus

See full CPDB Summary Table on 1547 chemicals. See Full CPDB for all results on 6540 experiments of 1547 chemicals.

A complete list of CPDB chemicals, which is searchable by name or by CAS number, is available here.

For a compendium of CPDB results organized by target organ, which lists all chemicals in each species that induced tumors in each of 35 organs, see Summary Table by Target Organ.

The CPDB is available in several formats that permit printing and downloading into spreadsheets and statistical databases.

A plot of the CPDB presents results of 1547 experiments on 6540 chemicals in an easily readable format that has been used in publications of the CPDB.
A Screen version plot for use on a single computer screen, with the same data.
Excel version of the same data.
Tab-separated versions of the same data, which can be easily read into databases.

A Supplementary Dataset gives details on dosing and survival for each experiment.

Relatively precise estimates of the lower confidence limit on the TD₁₀ (LTD₁₀) are readily calculated from the TD₅₀ and its lower confidence limit, which are reported in the CPDB. For researchers and regulatory agencies interested in LTD₁₀ values, we provide them in an Excel spreadsheet.

PDF versions of our publications of analyses using the CPDB are available, organized by year and by research topic.

Carcinogenic Potency Database Project (CPDB) Home Page
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Last updated: October 3, 2007

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